Éditorial 393 Dix ans après – Mai 2005, mai 2015 par Florence Chaltiel Collectivités territoriales 396 Les collectivités territoriales et les règles européennes de compensation des obligations de service public : les risques juridiques par Christine Guillard 416 L’exemple italien : une responsabilité financière pour les régions, contrepartie de leurs compétences en matière européenne par Florence Zampini 425 Les collectivités territoriales face au droit de l’Union européenne : quelle responsabilité ? – Rapport de synthèse par Claude Blumann Droit des consommateurs 433 Les directives et leur transposition en matière de droit des consommateurs – Introduction par Aurélie Guillemet 434 Les droits et obligations des personnes publiques en droit de la consommation par Pierre Bourdon 442 Le contrat de fourniture de contenu numérique en droit européen et français : une notion unitaire ou duale ? par Juliette Sénéchal Droit constitutionnel européen 455 Une nouvelle chronique. – Présentation par Sylvie Torcol 456 Définir le droit constitutionnel européen… par Sylvie Torcol, Baptiste Bonnet, Laurence Burgorgue- Larsen, Pierre- Yves Monjal, Stéphane Pierre- Caps et Dominique Rousseau Note de lecture 464 Droit français de l’intégration européenne de E. Dubout et B. Nabli par Florence Chaltiel LOCAL AUTHORITIESAND THE EUROPEANPUBLIC SERVICE DUTYCOMPENSATION RULES : LEGAL RISKS p ar Christ ine Guillard p. 396 Though the Altmark case law and Almu-nia package have reduced the risk of p u-blic service dut y financing by French local authorit ies, such risks remain. Firstly, the European v iew of public economic inte - rest serv ice assignments a nd the specific duties of p ublic se rv ices re quired for their mana geme nt, stric ter than Fre nch ones, can result in re qualifying publ ic serv ice compensation in State aids, which are ille-gally failing not if ication. Secondly, consi-dering the strict c ondit ions for the exemp-tion of not ificat ion a nd compatib ility with the domest ic marke t, which are debatable unde r article 106 the European Union treat, not ified aids in the form of p ublic serv ice dut y compensation could be de-clared incompatible with the domestic market and their return requested. THE ITALIAN EXAMPLE : FINANCIALRESPONSIBILITYFOR THE REGIONS, IN EXCHANGEFOR THEIR SKILLSIN EUROPEAN SUBJECT par Florence Zampini p. 416 The various components of the Italian re-public and the regions in par t icular are in-c reasingly involved in the « desce nding and ascending phases » of the « Europ ean nor-mative pro cess » . The lat ter inde ed have authorit y in the ory for transposing a great part of the dire c tives, such as Act n ° 234 / 2012 « Norme generally sulla par tecip a-zione dell Italia alla forma zione e all att ua - zione della normative e delle polit iche dell Unione europea » indicates so. Though the necess ary efficienc y requirements for Eu-ropean dut ies and the State’s responsibil it y towards the Union Translate in a role of coordinator and a possibly preventive substit ution power for the State, the rights and author ity of the regions just ify that they may now have to assume the f ina n-cial sanct ion result ing f rom their breach of European duties. LOCAL AUTHORITIESFACED WITH EUROPEANUNION LAW : WHAT RESPONSIBILITY par Claude Blumann p. 425 The central point of this lect ure is the search for a sp e cific status for local autho-rities in Union Law. The binar y dichotomy Memb e r Country and othe r subjec ts of the Union’s law, der ived f rom the Vand Gen den Loss rul ing, is no longer possible cur-rently. It is important to make a third cate-gory ant inomy, the categor y of infra- state communities, which corresponds to the he aring up in mos t member countries of the Union of a fede ral isation or decentra-lisat ion phenomenon. A specific stat us would also allow to bet te r make lo cal au-thorit ies responsible under the Union’s law. They would no l onger just sus tain the c onstraints, the y would b ecome true players. The balance c ould result f rom a sharing of auth or ity b etween the member countries which would retain authority for any thing having to do w ith the organisa-t ion of the inf ra- state author ities, their vo-t ing and operation modes, the definition of their main assig nments. Union law would limit itself to writ ing in a new sect ion of the Treaty the rights that it g rants them and the duties that it imposes on them. THE RIGHTS ANDDUTIES OF PUBLICPERSONSIN CONSUMER LAW p ar Pierre Bourdon p. 434 The submission of p ubl ic entit ies to consu-me r law is no longer re ally deb ated. When the public se rv ice manages a public indus-trial and commercial services, it should me et the duties imposed on professionals by consumer law. Ap art from any se r - vice, the public servic e should also comply with the duties of professionals and the rights of c onsume rs when it issues a uni-late ral administrative act. For a fe w years, the debate has be e n dire cted towards the application of consumption law to p ublic ent ities. However, the publ ic serv ice do es not meet the c rite ria for being granted the stat us of « consumer » . Some rights howe-ver may b e gra nted to it as « non profes-sional » . THE DIGITAL CONTENTSUPPLY CONTRACTIN EUROPEANAND FRENCH LAW : A UNITARYOR DUAL CONCEPT? par Jul iette Sénéchal p. 442 Reg ulated by the Europ e an direct ive dated Oc t obe r 25, 2011 relating to consumer rights ( and in its French transposit ion law, the Hamon Act dated March 17, 2014) as well as in the draf t European regulation car r ying an opt ional instr ument for com-mon European sal e law dated Octob er 11, 2011, voted in first motion by the Euro-pean Parl iament on February 26, 2014, the digital content supply and st orage contract poses many questions both in te rms of nature a nd s tatus. Precisely, the ab ove- mentioned tex ts leave re al unce r-tainty regarding the nat ure of the contract, a notional uncer taint y that is only the ex-te nsion of the finding, both f rom an e co-nomic and technical point of view, of a doubling of digital c ontent supply me-thods, with the development, nex t to the s ale model, of the rental model. The inc om-plete nat ure of the stat us of that contract in the above- ment ioned tex ts adds even more uncer taint y to the uncer taint y inhe - rent to that c oncept.
